Annex Publishers

Although dietary magnesium intake is common, its low bioavailability contributes to widespread deficiency in modern pop ulations. This study aims to evaluate the absorption and biological activities of four marine magnesium forms (oxide, cit rate, citrate malate, and bisglycinate) for maximizing magnesium biological effectiveness. Absorption of marine organic magnesium compounds was compared to marine magnesium oxide by Caco-2 intestinal permeability assay and their in vivo bioavailability in mice

e article shows that the Gibbs energy (free energy) is not energy and that work is done due to the heat of the environ ment, not the Gibbs energy. e change in Gibbs energy at constant values of temperature and pressure in most cases was explained by the performance of work due to Gibbs energy. Gibbs energy has the dimension of energy and this forces many to believe that Gibbs energy is energy. However, work is actually performed due to the heat of the environ ment in an amount equal to the change in Gibbs energy. If , then the process can be used for another process. A decrease in at constant values of and leads the system to equilibrium when .

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) , a prevalent and severe chronic complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of chronic kid ney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The pathophysiology of DKD is multifactorial, involving dysregulated glycolipid metabolism, hemodynamic abnormalities, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivation, inflam mation, autophagy impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic/epigenetic dysregulation. Emerg ing evidence highlights inflammation as a central driver of DKD progression

Liver cirrhosis remains a major health issue globally. Serum magnesium y is common among liver cirrhosis pa tients, but there are very limited large-scale studies on it. Our study aimed to investigate the serum magnesium level of cir rhotic patients and determine the distribution of serum magnesium y in t etiologies among liver cirrhosis patients, in Hangzhou, China.

Although dietary magnesium intake is common, its low bioavailability contributes to widespread deficiency in modern pop ulations. This study aims to evaluate the absorption and biological activities of four marine magnesium forms (oxide, cit rate, citrate malate, and bisglycinate) for maximizing magnesium biological effectiveness. Absorption of marine organic magnesium compounds was compared to marine magnesium oxide by Caco-2 intestinal permeability assay and their in vivo bioavailability in mice

e article shows that the Gibbs energy (free energy) is not energy and that work is done due to the heat of the environ ment, not the Gibbs energy. e change in Gibbs energy at constant values of temperature and pressure in most cases was explained by the performance of work due to Gibbs energy. Gibbs energy has the dimension of energy and this forces many to believe that Gibbs energy is energy. However, work is actually performed due to the heat of the environ ment in an amount equal to the change in Gibbs energy. If , then the process can be used for another process. A decrease in at constant values of and leads the system to equilibrium when .

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) , a prevalent and severe chronic complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of chronic kid ney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The pathophysiology of DKD is multifactorial, involving dysregulated glycolipid metabolism, hemodynamic abnormalities, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivation, inflam mation, autophagy impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic/epigenetic dysregulation. Emerg ing evidence highlights inflammation as a central driver of DKD progression

Liver cirrhosis remains a major health issue globally. Serum magnesium y is common among liver cirrhosis pa tients, but there are very limited large-scale studies on it. Our study aimed to investigate the serum magnesium level of cir rhotic patients and determine the distribution of serum magnesium y in t etiologies among liver cirrhosis patients, in Hangzhou, China.